Category: Bible culture

The Holy Kiss

Tuesday, September 2, 2025

“Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you” (Romans 16:16 KJV).

What is this “holy kiss?”

Paul refers to the “holy kiss” on four occasions. “Salute one another with an holy kiss…” (Romans 16:16). “All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with an holy kiss” (1 Corinthians 16:20). “Greet one another with an holy kiss” (2 Corinthians 13:12). “Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss” (1 Thessalonians 5:26). Peter refers to a similar “kiss of charity [love in action]:” “Greet ye one another with a kiss of charity. Peace be with you all that are in Christ Jesus. Amen” (1 Peter 5:14).

In the Middle East, the kiss was a form of friendly or affectionate greeting. “And his father Isaac said unto him, Come near now, and kiss me, my son. And he came near, and kissed him…” (Genesis 27:26,27). “And Jacob kissed Rachel…” (Genesis 29:11). “…And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him” (2 Samuel 20:9). “And forthwith he [hypocritical Judas Iscariot!] came to Jesus, and said, Hail, master; and kissed him” (Matthew 26:49). “Thou gavest me no kiss: but this woman since the time I came in hath not ceased to kiss my feet” (Luke 7:45). “And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul’s neck, and kissed him, Sorrowing most of all for the words which he spake, that they should see his face no more. And they accompanied him unto the ship” (Acts 20:37,38).

Thus, through Peter and Paul, believers are exhorted to greet or salute each other with a “holy kiss.” Considering passages such as 1 Corinthians 1:10-13, 1 Corinthians 3:1-4, 1 Corinthians 11:17-19, and 2 Corinthians 12:20,21; the Corinthians particularly needed to get along with each other. The “holy” kiss was a “set-apart” kiss—believers greeting each other on the forehead, cheek, or beard. It had no sexual connotation. Men kissed men, and women kissed women. Would this type of kissing be appropriate today? It would probably not be, as it was more of a cultural issue in Bible days. Nevertheless, we should greet each other in Christ in some fashion—maybe shaking hands, hugging, waving, and so on. As long as there is a sense of tenderness or care, that is all that really matters. The heart attitude is what is most important, not the physical movements.

Going to Market #2

Tuesday, May 11, 2021

“But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is like unto children sitting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows, And saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented” (Matthew 11:16,17 KJV).

Let us look at verses to glimpse into the A.D. first century market!

The ancient town squares in Palestine were particularly unsafe because they were major population centers. Since Israel’s apostate religious leaders craved the praise of men, they strove to spend as much time in these “markets” as possible. The longer they tarried, the more pedestrians and visitors to pay attention to them!

Christ therefore warned: “And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces [agora],…” (Mark 12:38). “And [they love] greetings in the markets [agora], and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi” (Matthew 23:7). “Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets [agora]” (Luke 11:43). “Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets [agora], and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts;…” (Luke 20:46). By having people focus on them—their religiosity or piety—these Jewish religious leaders encouraged self-righteousness. While they feigned to be God’s servants, they were nothing more than slaves to unbelief. Such hypocrisy was not easily detected, so they “won” many to their hellish vain religious system (Matthew 23:15)!

The Apostle Paul deliberately visited such markets to preach to people and win them to Christ: “Therefore disputed he in the synagogue with the Jews, and with the devout persons, and in the market [agora] daily with them that met with him” (Acts 17:17). Unfortunately, that was also where Roman public trials were held! “And when her masters saw that the hope of their gains was gone, they caught Paul and Silas, and drew them into the marketplace [agora] unto the rulers, And brought them to the magistrates, saying, These men, being Jews, do exceedingly trouble our city,…” (Acts 16:19,20). As subsequent verses show, physical perils abounded in the markets too, including unlawful beatings!

Our latest Bible Q&A: “Is ‘Cainan’ in Luke 3:36 a ‘scribal error?’”

Going to Market #1

Monday, May 10, 2021

“But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is like unto children sitting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows, And saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented” (Matthew 11:16,17 KJV).

Let us look at verses to glimpse into the A.D. first century market!

We have a word adopted from Greek, “agoraphobia,” to describe the fear of places not easily escapable. Sufferers are anxious around crowds and/or other imposing situations or places in which bad things may happen. In the King James Bible, the word “agora” is often rendered “market” (today’s Scripture is the first reference) and would simply be a “town square” or large expanse bustling with activity.

As today’s Scripture suggests, the marketplace was where kids gathered to play with their friends: “They are like unto children sitting in the marketplace [agora], and calling one to another, and saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned to you, and ye have not wept” (Luke 7:32). Proprietors frequented the market to recruit hired help, the town square functioning as a crude employment office: “For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard…. And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace [agora],…” (Matthew 20:1,3).

The ancient town square was also where commodities—including food—were sold and purchased. See Mark 7:4: “And when they come from the market [agora], except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.” To say the least, the market of old times was so filthy it was the last place you wanted to buy food! In 1 Corinthians 10:25, the butcher’s stall is correctly termed “the shambles!”

Unfortunately, the primeval market was also a threatening place spiritually, and rightly to be feared in this respect. There are verses in the Bible to suggest agoraphobia was justified. Various spiritual hazards lingered and lurked in these town squares, and ill-fated souls suffered terrible destinies thereby….