The Centurions #4

Monday, February 19, 2024

And when Jesus was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a centurion, beseeching him,… (Matthew 8:5 KJV).

What are “centurions?”

After persistent pagan idolatry—disobedience to the Law of Moses—the nation Israel gradually lost its political might in the Earth. This was one of the punishments or curses of the Law (see Leviticus 26:14,15,17-19,23-25,27-39). Beginning in Judges 2:11-15, after the Israelites worshipped and served Baal and Ashtaroth (their neighbors’ heathen idols), Gentile armies begin invading the Promised Land and conquering Israel. By the time of Samuel and Saul, the Philistines are triumphant. Under David, however, Israel enjoys victory; under Solomon, Israel experiences peace.

Eventually, upon Solomon’s death, Israel splits into two kingdoms (10 tribes of Israel in the north, two tribes of Judah in the south). The idolatrous northern tribes are exiled to Assyria, whereas the idolatrous southern tribes are deported to Babylon. David’s throne is lost to Gentiles until Christ’s return, as disclosed in Daniel 2:36-45. The LORD God has now removed Israel’s political blessings, and a series of Gentile rulers govern Israel in the Promised Land.

As world history testifies, Babylonians (Nebuchadnezzar) conquer Israel, Medians-Persians overthrow Babylonians, Greeks defeat Medians-Persians, and the Romans overpower the Greeks a few centuries before Christ. Caesars—the Roman emperors—have replaced King David’s sons as monarchs. The Roman centurions and their military subordinates therefore patrol Israel’s land during Christ’s earthly ministry and Acts. Those centurions or Roman military leaders serve as a constant reminder to Israel of their nation’s political fall. By maintaining submission, order, and peace, the centurions ensure the Israelites serve the emperors’ best interests.

There was a Roman military post in Capernaum (northern shore of the Sea of Galilee); thus, a centurion appears there in today’s Scripture. Rome’s political/administrative capital in the land of Israel was Caesarea (on the Mediterranean Sea)—Cornelius’ residence in Acts chapter 10. As many as 1,000 Roman soldiers lived in a fort at Jerusalem, equating to 10 centurions. Some of these troops escorted Paul from Jerusalem to Caesarea in Acts chapter 23. One such centurion conveyed Paul and other prisoners by sea from Caesarea to Rome in the closing chapters of Acts.

We can offer another notable reason for centurions in the Holy Scriptures….

The Centurions #3

Sunday, February 18, 2024

And when Jesus was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a centurion, beseeching him,… (Matthew 8:5 KJV).

What are “centurions?”

Skipping the seven separate centurions (Matthew 8:5-13, Luke 7:2-6, Matthew 27:54, Mark 15:39, Luke 23:47, Mark 15:44-45, Acts 10:1,22, Acts 22:25-26, Acts 23:17, and Acts 24:23), and overlooking the groups of centurions in Acts 21:32 and Acts 23:23, we come to the eighth and final individual centurion of Scripture.

Julius is featured throughout Acts chapter 27: “[1] And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius, a centurion of Augustus’ band…. [6]And there the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing into Italy; and he put us therein…. [11] Nevertheless the centurion believed the master and the owner of the ship, more than those things which were spoken by Paul…. [31] Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved…. [43] But the centurion, willing to save Paul, kept them from their purpose; and commanded that they which could swim should cast themselves first into the sea, and get to land:….” He also appears in Acts 28:16: “And when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard: but Paul was suffered to dwell by himself with a soldier that kept him.”

A centurion was a high-ranking Roman military official. If you look closely at the word itself, perhaps you notice its resemblance to “century.” Could there be a relationship? Yes, as the two originate from the Latin “centurio,” as in “one hundred.” As a century is defined as 100 years, so “centurion” is connected to the number 100. “And he called unto him two centurions, saying, Make ready two hundred soldiers to go to Caesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night;…” (Acts 23:23). Corresponding to two centurions were 200 soldiers. A centurion was a commander of 100 Roman soldiers. In fact, in the ancient Roman Empire, that group of 100 soldiers were a “century;” thus, their supervisor bore the title “centurion.”

Having defined what they are, let us contemplate the significance of centurions in the Bible….

The Centurions #2

Saturday, February 17, 2024

And when Jesus was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a centurion, beseeching him,… (Matthew 8:5 KJV).

What are “centurions?”

After surveying the Four Gospel Records and finding three isolated centurions (Matthew 8:5-13; Luke 7:2-6; Matthew 27:54; Mark 15:39; Luke 23:47; Mark 15:44,45), we find the rest of them in the Book of Acts. Consider some of the Acts references now.

The fourth singular centurion in Holy Scripture is in Acts chapter 10, even being identified. “There was a certain man in Caesarea called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band,…. And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee” (Acts 10:1,22).

A group of centurions is featured in Acts 21:32: “Who immediately took soldiers and centurions, and ran down unto them: and when they saw the chief captain and the soldiers, they left beating of Paul.” We find the fifth sole centurion in Acts 22:25,26: “And as they bound him with thongs, Paul said unto the centurion that stood by, Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, and uncondemned? When the centurion heard that, he went and told the chief captain, saying, Take heed what thou doest: for this man is a Roman.”

There is a sixth lone centurion included in Acts 23:17: “Then Paul called one of the centurions unto him, and said, Bring this young man unto the chief captain: for he hath a certain thing to tell him.” Two centurions are in Acts 23:23: “And he called unto him two centurions, saying, Make ready two hundred soldiers to go to Caesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night;….” The seventh solo centurion appears in Acts 24:23: “And he commanded a centurion to keep Paul, and to let him have liberty, and that he should forbid none of his acquaintance to minister or come unto him.”

Let us find and read the remaining Acts “centurion” references….

The Centurions #1

Friday, February 16, 2024

And when Jesus was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a centurion, beseeching him,… (Matthew 8:5 KJV).

What are “centurions?”

The King James Bible refers to “centurions” some 27 times—always in the New Testament (never the Old Testament), and usually as individuals (occasionally in the plural). Before we study the word itself, we need to quickly survey all the references.

Today’s Scripture and its context allude to the first solitary centurion, whose ill servant Christ cured. “And when Jesus was entered into Capernaum, there came unto him a centurion, beseeching him,…. The centurion answered and said, Lord, I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof: but speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed…. And Jesus said unto the centurion, Go thy way; and as thou hast believed, so be it done unto thee. And his servant was healed in the selfsame hour” (Matthew 8:5,8,13). The parallel account is Luke 7:2,6: “And a certain centurion’s servant, who was dear unto him, was sick, and ready to die…. Then Jesus went with them. And when he was now not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to him, saying unto him, Lord, trouble not thyself: for I am not worthy that thou shouldest enter under my roof:….”

At Christ’s cross, we find the second individual centurion. “Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God” (Matthew 27:54). “And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God” (Mark 15:39). “Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man” (Luke 23:47).

When Christ’s body required burial, there is a third distinct centurion. “And Pilate marvelled if he were already dead: and calling unto him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead. And when he knew it of the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph” (Mark 15:44,45).

There are more “centurion” verses for us to read….

Peter’s Preposterousness #10

Monday, January 15, 2024

“And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean. And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew” (Luke 22:59,60 KJV).

How was Peter the Apostle being preposterous?

Read Matthew 26:31-35 again: “Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad. But after I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Peter answered and said unto him, Though all men shall be offended because of thee, yet will I never be offended. Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Peter said unto him, Though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee. Likewise also said all the disciples.” You may also see the parallel in Mark 14:27-31.

It is quite clear the Lord Jesus Christ had no confidence in the flesh of His disciples. They were not perfect and He knew it well. Instead, He believed, or had faith in, the Scriptures. He was quite familiar with Zechariah 13:7: “Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.” The “sheep”—the Little Flock, the disciples—would indeed be scattered, going their own way when their Shepherd headed to Calvary’s cruel cross.

Dear brethren, what lesson we can gain from this is simple. May we have confidence in God’s words to us, Romans through Philemon, His grace to us in Christ. Unlike miserable Paul in Romans chapter 7, struggling to live the Christian life in his own strength, we should read and believe Romans chapters 6 and 8. Here is where we have victory over sin, the weakness of our flesh. It is in these grace truths that we find God’s faithfulness, Christ’s faithfulness, always compensating for our unfaithfulness (our preposterousness)! 🙂

Peter’s Preposterousness #9

Sunday, January 14, 2024

“And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean. And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew” (Luke 22:59,60 KJV).

How was Peter the Apostle being preposterous?

Take one final look at Luke 22:31,32 (the context of today’s Scripture): “And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat [separate you, after shaking you to point of overthrowing your faith]: But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren.” This very night, the men whom the Lord Jesus Christ had intimately trained for the last three years, would abandon Him and pretend as if they never knew Him. He knew it with absolute certainty, and notified them of it. It would be unspeakably traumatic for all involved, and, had it not been for His intercessory prayer here, none of those men would have ever returned to His ministry.

Once Peter committed those dreadful deeds of denial, the Lord Himself served as a heartbreaking reminder. Read the verses immediately following today’s Scripture: “And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.” Staring from a distance, Jesus fixed His eyes on Peter and Peter noticed and instantly called to mind what He had told him not long before. That started Peter, and the rest of the Little Flock, on the path to recovery from Satan’s snare.

When we as members of the Church the Body of Christ fail (returning to the preposterousness of the bondage to sin), we have not surprised Father God, the Lord Jesus Christ, or the Holy Spirit. Provisions have already been made and (whether we are aware of it or not) sin will thus be overcome. We should drive out Bible ignorance and endless despair by studying God’s Book rightly divided, giving us matchless victory and indescribable joy….

Peter’s Preposterousness #8

Saturday, January 13, 2024

“And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean. And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew” (Luke 22:59,60 KJV).

How was Peter the Apostle being preposterous?

Read Luke 22:31,32 (the context of today’s Scripture): “And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat [separate you, after shaking you to point of overthrowing your faith]: But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren.” The Lord Jesus Christ was quite familiar with the weaknesses of human flesh. None of His disciples could convince Him that He could depend on them, that they would not forsake Him. He not only anticipated their repudiation of Him, He also made a provision to reverse their preposterousness. Christ prayed that, after Peter (their leader) would be attacked and fall, he would be “converted” (turned toward the right direction) and recover his brethren (the other disciples) from their spiritual mess.

Just before the close of the Gospel Record of John, we read of the Apostles’ restoration to ministry (Peter, their leader, is now thrice allowed to make up for his three-fold renunciation). “So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs. He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep. He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep” (John 21:15-17).

Let us now see what we members of the Church the Body of Christ can learn from all of this….

Peter’s Preposterousness #7

Friday, January 12, 2024

“And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean. And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew” (Luke 22:59,60 KJV).

How was Peter the Apostle being preposterous?

On at least two occasions Peter debated with the Lord Jesus as to whether he would repudiate Him. The first incident was in the Upper Room. “And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat: But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren. And he said unto him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee, both into prison, and to death (Luke 22:31-33).

Next was en route to Gethsemane. “Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Peter said unto him, Though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee. Likewise also said all the disciples” (Matthew 26:34,35). “And Jesus saith unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this day, even in this night, before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice. But he spake the more vehemently [violently, intensely], If I should die with thee, I will not deny thee in any wise. Likewise also said they all” (Mark 14:30,31).

We remember other boasts from that night. “Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will lay down my life for thy sake (John 13:37). “Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad. But after I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Peter answered and said unto him, Though all men shall be offended because of thee, yet will I never be offended(Matthew 26:31-33).

The disciples here were twice preposterous. Firstly, they joined Peter by contending with Christ (“Thou liest, Lord!”). Secondly, they had confidence in the flesh (“Thou canst depend on us, Lord!”). Let us learn from their errors….

Peter’s Preposterousness #6

Thursday, January 11, 2024

“And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean. And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew” (Luke 22:59,60 KJV).

How was Peter the Apostle being preposterous?

This thought-provoking question was posed long ago: “If we were accused of being a believer in Christ, would there be enough evidence to convict us?” In Peter’s case, the answer is in the affirmative. Not only did his Galilaean accent thrice incriminate him (linking him to Jesus of Nazareth of Galilee), there was at least one eyewitness who could identify him as being a disciple of Jesus. This man did more than observe Peter with Jesus at His arrest: he was a relative of the fellow whose ear panicking Peter amputated there in the Garden of Gethsemane when Jesus was being taken into custody!

John chapter 18: “[10] Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus…. [26] One of the servants of the high priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him? [27] Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.” Thousands undoubtedly saw Peter with the Lord Jesus Christ all during those three years, from Galilee to Judaea. Now, Peter was trapped in weakness, recanting the very Lord he had valiantly defended in Gethsemane earlier. Peter’s overconfidence was his silliness, and his silliness became his ruin.

In the Upper Room prior to the Garden of Gethsemane, we remember Christ’s warning to Peter: “And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat: But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren. And he said unto him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee, both into prison, and to death. And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me” (Luke 22:31-34—the context of today’s Scripture). Peter refused to agree with Christ that he would fall away….

Peter’s Preposterousness #5

Wednesday, January 10, 2024

“And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean. And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew” (Luke 22:59,60 KJV).

How was Peter the Apostle being preposterous?

“And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene (Matthew 2:23). Therefore, throughout His earthly ministry, the Lord bore the title “Jesus of Nazareth.” Nazareth was in Galilee, northern Israel, no more than a day’s journey southwest of the Sea of Galilee. “And the multitude said, This is Jesus the prophet of Nazareth of Galilee (Matthew 21:11). “And they told him, that Jesus of Nazareth passeth by” (Luke 18:37). Also see John 1:45,46; John 18:5,7; and John 19:19.

On the night of Christ’s trial, Peter was accused the first time as follows: “And when she saw Peter warming himself, she looked upon him, and said, And thou also wast with Jesus of Nazareth (Mark 14:67). Peter denied. The allegation is put forth a second time: “And when he was gone out into the porch, another maid saw him, and said unto them that were there, This fellow was also with Jesus of Nazareth(Matthew 26:71). Peter denies again. Now, the third charge. Matthew 26:73 reads, “Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech bewrayeth [variation of ‘betrayeth’] thee.” Mark 14:70 has it, “Surely thou art one of them: for thou art a Galilaean, and thy speech agreeth thereto.” Today’s Scripture confirms the charge: “for he is a Galilaean.”

Based on these passages, we infer the Galilaeans had a thick, noticeable accent that revealed their northern extraction to those living down south in Judaea (suburbs of Jerusalem, where Christ’s trial was being held). John 1:44 reveals how Bethsaida (on the northern shores of the Sea of Galilee) was Peter’s hometown. Peter’s Galilaean pronunciation of words gave away the fact that, despite his protests, he was associated with Jesus of Nazareth (remember, of Galilee). The unfortunate Apostle was truly better off saying nothing every time an allegation was made against him….